pharyngeal muscles การใช้

• Muscular dystrophy, polymyositis and scleroderma can paralyze the pharyngeal muscles.
• The reason standard tonsillectomy causes so much pain is that you remove the whole tonsil, leaving exposed pharyngeal muscle,
• In humans there are two sets of pharyngeal muscles that form the pharynx, determining the shape of its lumen.
• The gag reflex involves a brisk and brief elevation of the soft palate and bilateral contraction of pharyngeal muscles evoked by touching the posterior pharyngeal wall.
• In addition, ejective fricatives appear to include tightening of the pharyngeal muscles which reduces the diameter of the air column and thus further increases pressure.
• Palatial-pharyngeal muscle originates from the upper surface of palatial Maurois pone-by anterior and posterior fascicle, which are separated by the insertion of levator veli palatini.
• Additional cell bodies are found in the nucleus ambiguus, which give rise to the branchial efferent motor fibers of the vagus nerve ( CN X ) terminating in the laryngeal, pharyngeal muscles, and musculus uvulae.
• The pharynx is pulled upwards and forwards by the suprahyoid and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles  stylopharyngeus ( IX ), salpingopharyngeus ( pharyngeal plexus IX, X ) and palatopharyngeus ( pharyngeal plexus IX, X ) to receive the bolus.